People who use and are dependent on drugs are often socially marginalized and have a low quality of life. Although drug use and addiction have been discussed in the context of human rights promoting health, dignity, and autonomy in recent decades, patients in addiction treatment tell a different story. In Norway, the protection of patient's human rights in Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST) is contested. Recent research on user involvement in OST suggests that treatment evaluations based on a clinical principle of soundness may be too narrow, and the definition of appropriate treatment can be experienced as degrading, harmful, and even life-threatening. A planned class-action lawsuit against the state on behalf of OST patients who believe their human rights are being violated is another example of disagreements, highlighting the seriousness of the situation. This user-initiated project responds to the need for an interdisciplinary study of OST from a human rights perspective. The purpose is to investigate what patients, healthcare providers, and lawyers understand as appropriate treatment of OST patients and identify human rights issues that arise in treatment. The project will systematically assess what works well in OST treatment and, with that insight, identify necessary measures and potential changes for improved practices. The project has an exploratory qualitative design and applies social and legal analyses. The knowledge gained from this project will serve multiple stakeholders: patients, professionals, health bureaucrats, and researchers. OST providers, lawyers, and activists will have a knowledge foundation and framework for their activities. Patients will receive recognition as individuals with full rights, and the knowledge will empower them to advocate for their rights on par with other citizens. The project has the potential to contribute to changing attitudes among OST providers and practices in OST, thus improving patients' quality of life.